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Obesity and Infertility

October 13, 2023April 2, 2024 Reviewed by Dr Hameed Ibrahim Khokar

The link between fat and infertility is one of the best-proven links between obesity and problems with reproduction. Obesity makes it less likely that a woman will get pregnant through normal means.

Obesity is defined by a very high Body Mass Index (BMI), which is a measure of how much fat is in the body. Surveys and studies show that about 1 in 4 women is at least overweight. The numbers are higher for women who are having trouble getting pregnant.

Along with other sexual health problems caused by obesity, infertility is a big one that leads to the disturbing trend of people needing and failing to get pregnant with the help of assisted reproductive methods.

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Impact of Obesity on Male Fertility

In the last 30 years, the number of obese men of childbearing age has nearly tripled. At the same time, the number of men who can’t have children has gone up around the world. There is now more proof that male obesity hurts their ability to have children. Obesity not only lowers the quality of sperm, but it also changes the physical and molecular structure of germ cells in the testes, which in turn changes the structure of mature sperm.

Recent research has shown that male obesity also hurts the metabolic and reproductive health of their children. This suggests that the health of the father is passed on to the next generation, most likely through the sperm.

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Obesity and Anovulation

Obesity is likely to cause insulin resistance, which is linked to anovulation, which is when a woman’s ovaries don’t make an egg every month. Insulin levels and being overweight can also change sex hormones and cause high levels of androgens, which are male hormones. Only a 5% drop in body weight can make menstruation rates go up and biochemical problems go away.

Studies show that polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is most likely the cause of anovulation in fat women. PCOS is linked to being overweight or obese, as well as showing signs of high male hormone production like hairiness, acne, a high cholesterol level, and insulin resistance.

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Obesity and Miscarriage

The number of miscarriages goes up when a woman is overweight, which makes it less likely that she will get pregnant. This could happen for a number of reasons, such as:

poor quality of eggs or ovum;
improper implantation or reception of the fertilized egg into the womb, mostly due to insulin resistance;
improper and changed amounts of hormones that help keep a pregnancy going.

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Obesity and Hormones

The levels of testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone, inhibin B, and sex hormone-binding globulin all go down when a person is overweight. This lowers the number and quality of sperm in obese guys.

When a woman is overweight, her steroid metabolism goes up and her estrogen levels go up. Men who are overweight also have low amounts of estrogen and testosterone.

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Summary

Obesity and being overweight are on the rise and have become a global epidemic. Obesity hurts all parts of the body, including the reproductive system. It is well known that there is a link between being overweight and not being able to have children. A lot of barren women are overweight.

Researchers are still looking into the link between fat and the ability to have children. Women who are overweight are more likely to have problems with their periods and not ovulate. Women who are overweight or fat have a lot of problems with their reproductive health. These women are more likely to have low fertility or not be able to get pregnant. They are also more likely to get pregnant, have a miscarriage, or have problems during pregnancy.

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